Network

Articles

• Transnational community
  27 July 2009, by M. B.

  The notion of the transnational community refers to "communities made up of individuals or groups that are established within different national societies, and who act on the basis of shared interests and references (which may be territorial, religious or linguistic), and use networks to strengthen their solidarity beyond national borders" (R.Kastoriano, 2000,353). The transnational community appears in the wake of the nation-state. The phenomenon can be viewed as post-colonial and (...)

• Spatial mobility
  21 June 2012, by N. C.

  Spatial mobility is an essential component of the way societies organise space. It has been defined in various ways, in reference to different registers of observation and conceptualisation. In its most frequent acceptation, mobility is movement or travel from one «place» to another. This movement can concern people, but also material and immaterial goods, and information. The unit of measurement naturally depends on what is travelling, and can for instance be in terms of numbers of (...)

• Network
  6 October 2004, by L. C.

  A network is a set of elements that may be material, the infrastructure, and immaterial, electro-magnetic (waves) or informational, which ensure the establishment of relations between different places of a territory and between the entities that are occupying them.
  It comprises not only linear, permanent or temporary, elements which express the existence of relationships and ensure that they are possible, but also nodal elements needed in order to organise flows and to make the system in (...)

• Accessibility
  13 October 2004, by L. C.

  In Geography, accessibility of a place is generally defined as the more or less great ease with which this place can be reached from one or several other places, by one or several individuals able to travel by means of all or part of existing transport modes.
  Thus, accessibility does not only refer to the sole possibility of reaching or not a given place, it also expresses the hardness of travel, the difficulty to establish the relation, most of the time estimated by measuring space and (...)

• Spatial interaction
  3 December 2004, by Cl. G.

  Although the notion of spatial interaction plays a central role in the definition of contemporary geography, it is extremely difficult to define, so various are the definitions that have been proposed for it. An attempt may however be made to make a rough classification of these definitions in order to distinguish between what constitutes the heart of the notion, and what points to extensions of it and the theoretical issues it raises.
  1. The spatial interaction and gravity model.A (...)

• Centrality
  6 October 2004, by D. P.

  Concept analogous to that of market in economy; supply and demand for services meet and exchange in places privileged for their accessibility, which are central places.
  1. In a network, it characterises the position of nodes in terms of accessibility (see centrality index), the centre being the place endowed with maximal accessibility;
  2. For a city, it measures the importance of urban centres in function of the importance of services they provide to customers from outside, i.e. which do (...)

• Graph
  6 October 2004, by L. C.

  Intuitively, a graph is a diagram composed of a set of points and a set of arrows, each linking two of those points. The points are called the nodes of the graph and the arrows are called the arcs of the graph.
  In a more formalised way, Claude Berge defines a graph G as the datum of the (X, U) pair, where X and U respectively designate, a set of points x1, x2,..., xn called set of nodes, and a family u1, u2,..., umof elements of the Cartesian product :
  X × X = (x, y) / x ∈ X, y (...)

• Hierarchy
  6 October 2004, by D. P.

  The notion of hierarchy is used with two distinct meanings. It is a social, political or administrative organisation in levels where each element belonging to a level is strictly subordinated to an element of upper level. The higher it is gone in the order of power or domination, the fewer elements are comprised in each level: hierarchy implies a pyramidal organisation. The benefit of such form of organisation is to allow making information circulate or imposing decisions while reducing (...)

• Diaspora
  27 July 2009, by M. B.

  The word diaspora is derived from the Greek verb speirein meaning to scatter and dia meaning across, and has come to mean the dispersion of a population. It was borrowed from the religious vocabulary of Greek-speaking Jews in Egypt and the text of the Septuagint Bible, a translation into Greek of Hebrew and Aramaic texts for Jewish communities in or outside Palestine. The extension of the word to communities other than Jews was only really attested from 1968 in France, and only arrived in (...)

• Situation
  13 October 2004, by B. E.

  In common language, situation of an object on the Earth surface is the same as its position. In everyday use, both terms: situation and position, are used indiscriminately. They refer to reference points conventionally designated by means of an explicit reference system, namely geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude).
  In geographical discourse, situation defines a relative location in space. For a given place, it is expressed with respect to that of other places whose physical or (...)

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